Systematic position of Chrysura refulgens (Spinola, 1806)

Subfamily & Tribe	Chrysidinae (Chrysidini)	Size (mm):
Genus & species	Chrysura refulgens (Spinola, 1806)
Species group	radians
Original combination	Chrysis refulgens Spinola, 1806
Type series	Syntypi (Mus.: Turin)
Original description	Chrysis, scutello producto, capite, thoraceque viridibus abdomine aureo, ano integro. Habitat prope Genuam, haud infrequens. Long. 5. Lin. Lat. ½ Lin. Caput viridi-coeruleum, mandibulis cum reliquis instrumentis cibariis nigris. Antennae nigrae. Thorax coeruleum, pectus concolor. Abdomen ex quatuor segmentis constans, aureum, fulgidissimum, quasi coccineum, subtus concolor. Anus integer. Pedes viridi-coerulei. Alae fuscescentes. Differt a Chryside Panzeri, scutello minus producto, ano integro, abdomineque subtus aureo. A Chryside Regia, et a Chryside rufa scutello producto et ab omnibus praecedentis statura dimidio majore, segmentorumque abdominalium numero.
Synonyms and subspecies	flammea (Lep.), artifex (Sm.)
Systematic notes

Geographic distribution of Chrysura refulgens (Spinola, 1806)

World distribution

Type locality	Italy
Kimsey & Bohart	Palaearctic: Eurasia (France), N Africa
Linsenmaier	S Europe, Cyprus, Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Caucasus, N Africa
Other Authors	Mediterranean area. Maltese islands (Valletta, 1971)
Chorology	Mediterranean
Distribution notes

Geographic distribution of Chrysura refulgens (Spinola, 1806)

Italian distribution according to the Checklist of the species of the Italian Fauna

Macroregion	North (N):	South (S):	Sicily (Si):	Sardinia (Sa):
Endemic

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (Literature records)

Adm. Region	Literature records
Piemonte|Piedmont	Gribodo, 1919 (as Chrysis); Rosa, 2005;
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.
Lombardia|Lombardy
Trentino Alto Adige	Cobelli, 1903, 1910 (as Chrysis);
Veneto
Friuli V.G.	Graffe, 1895 (as Chrysis on Euphorbia); Ducke, 1901 (as Chrysis on Euphorbia); Kusdas, 1958 (as Chrysis);
Liguria	Spinola, 1806 (as Chrysis); Mocsáry, 1889 (as Chrysis); Mantero, 1899 (as Chrysis); Bischoff, 1910 (as Chrysis); Rosa, 2005a (on Euphorbia dendroides); Strumia, 2005;
Emilia Romagna	Rosa, 2005a, 2005b;
Toscana|Tuscany	Piccioli, 1884 (as Chrysis); Strumia, 1990 (as Chrysis), 1997 (host of Osmia bicolor (Schrank)), 2005; Rosa, 2005a;
Umbria	Rosa, 2005a;
Marche	Strumia, 2005;
Lazio	Grandi, 1934; Strumia, 2005;
Abruzzo	Rosa, 2005a; Strumia, 2005;
Molise
Campania	Rosa, 2005a;
Puglia|Apulia	Strumia, 2005;
Basilicata	Strumia, 2005;
Calabria	Strumia, 2005;
Sicilia|Sicily	De Stefani, 1886 (as Chrysis host of Chalicodoma); Mocsáry, 1889 (as Chrysis); Strumia, 2005;
Sardegna|Sardinia	Buysson, 1891;
Distribution notes

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (FEI records)

Adm. Region	FEI records
Piemonte|Piedmont
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.
Lombardia|Lombardy
Trentino Alto Adige
Veneto
Friuli V.G.
Liguria
Emilia Romagna
Toscana|Tuscany
Umbria
Marche
Lazio
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
Puglia|Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria
Sicilia|Sicily
Sardegna|Sardinia
Distribution notes

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (Personal evidences)

Adm. Region	Personal records
Piemonte|Piedmont
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.
Lombardia|Lombardy
Trentino Alto Adige
Veneto
Friuli V.G.
Liguria
Emilia Romagna
Toscana|Tuscany
Umbria
Marche
Lazio
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
Puglia|Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria
Sicilia|Sicily
Sardegna|Sardinia
Distribution notes

Biology of Chrysura refulgens (Spinola, 1806)

Known Hosts

Polyphagous
Tenthredinidae
Vespidae
Eumenidae
Masaridae
Sphecidae
Apidae
Colletidae
Halictidae
Megachilidae	Chalicodoma (De Stefani, 1886); Anthidium septemdentatum in Helix pisana, ?Anthidium siculum (Berland & Bernard, 1938), Anthidium (Linsenmaier, 1969); Osmia bicolor (Schrank) (Strumia, 1997)
Anthophoridae
Lepidoptera

Notes on Hosts

Known Habitat

Habitat	soil and stones (Invrea, 1922)
Plants for rest/refuge	Euphorbia (Graffe, 1895); Euphorbia (Ducke, 1901); in Centranthus (Invrea, 1920); nests in shells of Helix aspersa Muell. with Anthidium (Invrea, 1941); flowers of Serapias vomeracea laxiflora (Felicioli et al., 1998)
Parasites
Biological notes

More info on Chrysura refulgens (Spinola, 1806)