Systematic position of Pseudomalus triangulifer (Abeille, 1877)

Subfamily & Tribe	Chrysidinae (Elampini)	Size (mm): 4.5-7.0
Genus & species	Pseudomalus triangulifer (Abeille, 1877)
Species group
Original combination	Omalus triangulifer Abeille, 1877
Type series	Lectotypus ♀ des. by Kimsey (1986)
Original description	Long. 6 millim. - Viridi-cyaneus, abdominis dorso aurato, emarginatura triangulari, ultimi segmenti lateribus unisinuatis. Capite confertim et mediocriter punctato; prothoracis et mesothoracis punctis laevibus ac diffusis; scutelli et postscutelli validis et confertis. Postscustello sub hemisphœrico-truncato. - Sainte-Baume, sur les hêtres, très-rare. Diffère de tous les autres Omalus par l'incision triangulaire de l'abdomen; s'éloigne en outre de l'auratus par sa ponctuation plus serrée et les côtés du 3e segment ventral unisinués; du punctulatus, par l'impression faciale remontant plus prés des ocelles; de l'œneus, par ses pro et mesonotum ponctués; des pusillus et minutus, par son abdomen d'un doré cuivreux non douteux; du cœruleus, par sa couleur et sa forme plus élancée; du Wesmaëli, par son corps plus court et son postécusson non conique.
Synonyms and subspecies
Systematic notes

Geographic distribution of Pseudomalus triangulifer (Abeille, 1877)

World distribution

Type locality	France (St. Baume)
Kimsey & Bohart	Palaearctic: Europe (France), Turkey
Linsenmaier	Europe, Daghestan, Anatolia
Other Authors	The Netherlands (Veenendaal, 2011)
Chorology	European
Distribution notes

Geographic distribution of Pseudomalus triangulifer (Abeille, 1877)

Italian distribution according to the Checklist of the species of the Italian Fauna

Macroregion	North (N):	South (S):	Sicily (Si):	Sardinia (Sa):
Endemic

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (Literature records)

Adm. Region	Literature records
Piemonte|Piedmont	Strumia, 2005;
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.	Rosa, 2002c, 2005a, 2006a;
Lombardia|Lombardy	Rosa, 2002a, 2002b;
Trentino Alto Adige	Rosa, 2005a;
Veneto
Friuli V.G.
Liguria	Invrea, 1921 (as Ellampus auratus triangulifer; on Inula viscosa Ait. and Lavatera arborea L. infested by aphids, on leaves of Ceratonia siliqua L., on flowers of Euphorbia cyparissias L. and of Rubus);
Emilia Romagna	Rosa, 2006b;
Toscana|Tuscany	Strumia, 2005;
Umbria	Rosa, 2005a;
Marche
Lazio
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
Puglia|Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria	Gribodo, 1881 (as Omalus auratus triangulifer); Rosa, 2005a; Strumia, 2005;
Sicilia|Sicily	Erlandsson, 1972 (as Omalus);
Sardegna|Sardinia	Erlansson, 1972; Strumia, 2005;
Distribution notes

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (FEI records)

Adm. Region	FEI records
Piemonte|Piedmont
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.
Lombardia|Lombardy
Trentino Alto Adige
Veneto
Friuli V.G.	24.5.2005 - ITALIA - Friuli Venezia Giulia - TS, Prosecco, leg.F. Sandel
Liguria
Emilia Romagna
Toscana|Tuscany
Umbria
Marche	12.IV.2012 - ITALIA - Marche - AN, Ancona, leg.G. Giovagnoli
Lazio
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
Puglia|Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria
Sicilia|Sicily
Sardegna|Sardinia
Distribution notes

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (Personal evidences)

Adm. Region	Personal records
Piemonte|Piedmont
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.
Lombardia|Lombardy
Trentino Alto Adige
Veneto
Friuli V.G.
Liguria
Emilia Romagna
Toscana|Tuscany
Umbria
Marche
Lazio
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
Puglia|Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria
Sicilia|Sicily
Sardegna|Sardinia
Distribution notes

Biology of Pseudomalus triangulifer (Abeille, 1877)

Known Hosts

Polyphagous
Tenthredinidae
Vespidae
Eumenidae
Masaridae
Sphecidae	Rhopalum tibiale, Ectemnius planifrons (Berland & Bernard, 1938), Pemphredon lugubris (Valkeila, 1971), Pemphredon lethifer, P. rugifer in galls of Andricus kollari (Har.) (Strumia, 1996); from artificial nests of Pemphredon lugens and of Passaloecus insignus provisioned with Homoptera Lachnidae (Veenendaal, 2011)
Apidae
Colletidae
Halictidae
Megachilidae
Anthophoridae
Lepidoptera

Notes on Hosts

Known Habitat

Habitat
Plants for rest/refuge	Inula viscosa Ait. and Lavatera arborea L. infested by aphids, leaves of Ceratonia siliqua L., flowers of Euphorbia cyparissias L., Rubus (Invrea, 1922), flowers of Euphorbia (Schmidt, 1977)
Parasites
Biological notes	Because Pseudomalus females have never been observed at the nest entrances of their hosts, the suggestion is that Pseudomalus species place their eggs on the body of aphids before they are collected by Pemphredoninae (Veenendaal, 2011)

More info on Pseudomalus triangulifer (Abeille, 1877)