Systematic position of Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)

Subfamily & Tribe	Chrysidinae (Elampini)	Size (mm):
Genus & species	Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)
Species group
Original combination	Sphex violacea Scopoli, 1763
Type series	Typus (Mus.: lost?)
Original description	Long. lin. 2. Diagn.: Tota violacea nitens; abdomine pone rotundato, edentato, subtus virente. Unam cepi, circa Tergestum. Alae apice fuscescentes. Corpus brevius quam priorum.
Synonyms and subspecies	micans (Ol.), coerulescens (Lep.), nitidus Pz., praestans Frst.
Systematic notes

Geographic distribution of Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)

World distribution

Type locality	Italy
Kimsey & Bohart	Palaearctic: widespread (Europe)
Linsenmaier	Europe, France, Holland, W Asia, Manchuria
Other Authors	Europe, W Asia
Chorology	Palearctic
Distribution notes

Geographic distribution of Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)

Italian distribution according to the Checklist of the species of the Italian Fauna

Macroregion	North (N):	South (S):	Sicily (Si):	Sardinia (Sa):
Endemic

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (Literature records)

Adm. Region	Literature records
Piemonte|Piedmont	Rosa, 2005a; Strumia, 2002, 2005;
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.
Lombardia|Lombardy	Strumia, 2002, 2005;
Trentino Alto Adige	Hellrigl, 1996;
Veneto
Friuli V.G.	Scopoli, 1763; Kusdas & Thurner, 1955 (as Omalus);
Liguria	Spinola, 1808 (as Omalus nitidum); Mantero, 1899 (as Ellampus);
Emilia Romagna	Rosa, 2005a, 2006b;
Toscana|Tuscany	Strumia, 2005;
Umbria
Marche	Rosa, 2005a;
Lazio
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
Puglia|Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria	Strumia, 2005;
Sicilia|Sicily	De Stefani, 1888 (as Ellampus; from gals by Cynipis kollari Hartig);
Sardegna|Sardinia	Strumia, 2005:
Distribution notes

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (FEI records)

Adm. Region	FEI records
Piemonte|Piedmont
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.
Lombardia|Lombardy
Trentino Alto Adige
Veneto
Friuli V.G.
Liguria
Emilia Romagna
Toscana|Tuscany
Umbria
Marche
Lazio
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
Puglia|Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria
Sicilia|Sicily
Sardegna|Sardinia
Distribution notes

Italian distribution by Administrative Region (Personal evidences)

Adm. Region	Personal records
Piemonte|Piedmont
Valle d Aosta|Aosta V.
Lombardia|Lombardy
Trentino Alto Adige
Veneto
Friuli V.G.
Liguria
Emilia Romagna
Toscana|Tuscany
Umbria
Marche
Lazio
Abruzzo
Molise
Campania
Puglia|Apulia
Basilicata
Calabria
Sicilia|Sicily
Sardegna|Sardinia
Distribution notes

Biology of Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)

Known Hosts

Polyphagous
Tenthredinidae
Vespidae
Eumenidae
Masaridae
Sphecidae	Trypoxylon attenuatum, Pemphredon lugubris (Berland & Bernard, 1938), Pemphredon lugubris, Passaloecus corniger in galls of Lipara (Morgan, 1984), Pemphredon lugubris (Linsenmaier, 1987)
Apidae
Colletidae
Halictidae
Megachilidae
Anthophoridae
Lepidoptera

Notes on Hosts

Known Habitat

Habitat
Plants for rest/refuge	Rubus (Betts, 1986)
Parasites
Biological notes	from gals of Cynipis kollari Hartig (De Stefani, 1888)

More info on Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)